Once a modest lumber town, Ottawa’s selection as Canada’s capital by Queen Victoria in 1857 was a decision that sparked controversy at the time. However, the city has since grown into the fourth-largest metropolis in the country, brimming with world-class museums, historic landmarks, and captivating national sites that showcase its rich history and cultural depth.
Positioned at the convergence of the Ottawa, Rideau, and Gatineau rivers, Ottawa enjoys a unique geographic setting that enhances its appeal. Visitors can explore significant government institutions, such as Parliament Hill and the Supreme Court of Canada, while also admiring its stunning architecture and charming cityscape.
The city is also home to expansive parks and green spaces, and the Rideau Canal, which runs through the heart of the capital, offers a variety of outdoor activities, including scenic boat cruises in the summer and ice skating in the winter.
12. Supreme Court of Canada
Standing atop a high bluff with a commanding view of the Ottawa River, the Supreme Court of Canada is a remarkable structure just a short walk from the city center. As the highest judicial authority in the nation, it has played a crucial role in shaping Canada’s legal landscape since its completion in 1945.
The building is renowned for its Art Deco architecture, and its grand entrance hall is particularly striking. Guided tours provide an in-depth look at Canada’s judicial system, including access to courtrooms where historic trials have taken place. Outside, visitors can admire the impressive statues of Canada’s legal pioneers and enjoy panoramic views of the river and Parliament Hill.
11. Rideau Hall
The official residence of Canada’s Governor General and the country’s monarch is an architectural masterpiece just ten minutes north of downtown. With 175 elegantly designed rooms, Rideau Hall has been the setting for numerous official ceremonies and state functions.
Built in the 1830s, the residence was later expanded with grand additions that further enhanced its Regency-style architecture. Visitors can tour its ballrooms, state rooms, and private quarters, all decorated with fine furnishings and historical artifacts.
Beyond the mansion, the sprawling gardens are a highlight, featuring landscapes that represent Canada’s diverse natural beauty. The grounds are open to the public, making it a great place for a relaxing stroll amid the lush greenery.
10. National War Memorial
Located in Confederation Square, the National War Memorial is one of Ottawa’s most poignant landmarks. Originally unveiled in 1939 to honor those who served in World War I, it has since been rededicated to commemorate all Canadians who have fallen in military conflicts.
At 21 meters high, the granite arch is adorned with striking bronze sculptures, representing various branches of Canada’s military. These figures symbolize the transition from war to peace, with soldiers emerging triumphantly from the arch.
Beneath the memorial lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a solemn tribute to unidentified Canadian service members. Throughout the day, visitors can also witness the Changing of the Guard ceremony, which takes place hourly.
9. Royal Canadian Mint
A short walk from the National War Memorial brings visitors to the Royal Canadian Mint, a historic site once responsible for producing Canada’s currency. While standard circulation coins are now produced elsewhere, this facility still crafts collector’s coins, medals, and gold bullion bars.
The Tudor-Gothic style building, with its castle-like turrets, provides a glimpse into Canada’s monetary history. Guided tours offer insight into the intricate process of coin production, allowing visitors to see firsthand how these meticulously designed pieces are created.
One of the highlights is the opportunity to hold a solid gold bar, a unique experience that showcases the mint’s craftsmanship. The onsite gift shop offers a variety of commemorative coins and souvenirs.
8. Ottawa Locks
Part of the UNESCO-listed Rideau Canal, the Ottawa Locks are a remarkable engineering achievement that connects the canal to the Ottawa River, 24 meters below.
Built in 1831, the locks consist of eight manually operated gates, which allow boats to travel between the different water levels. Despite being located in the heart of the city, the locks are surrounded by lush parks and historic buildings, making them a peaceful retreat for visitors.
Many tourists enjoy watching boats pass through the system, while photographers capture the picturesque views of the canal, Parliament Hill, and Château Laurier.
7. Notre Dame Basilica
Ottawa’s oldest and largest church, Notre Dame Basilica, is an awe-inspiring Gothic Revival masterpiece. Originally constructed in 1841, the cathedral features twin silver spires that dominate the city skyline.
While its exterior is relatively simple, the interior is a visual spectacle, filled with elaborate wood carvings, stunning stained-glass windows, and gilded sculptures. The ceiling, decorated with golden stars, adds to the basilica’s ethereal beauty.
During the summer, guided tours allow visitors to explore the cathedral’s history, including its massive pipe organ and intricately detailed choir carvings.
6. Canada Aviation and Space Museum
Located just fifteen minutes from downtown, this museum chronicles Canada’s rich aviation history with a vast collection of military and civilian aircraft.
Among the 130 aircraft on display, highlights include WWII fighter planes, seaplanes, and bushplanes from the early 20th century. The museum also features space-related exhibits, including the Canadarm from the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
Interactive displays, including a flight simulator, make this museum a must-visit for aviation enthusiasts. For a unique experience, visitors can also book a sightseeing flight over Ottawa.
5. Canadian Museum of Nature
One of the world’s most comprehensive natural history museums, the Canadian Museum of Nature houses more than fifteen million specimens spanning over four billion years of Earth’s history.
The museum’s exhibits cover everything from dinosaur fossils to marine life, including the full skeleton of a blue whale. Its galleries explore Canada’s diverse ecosystems, showcasing mammals, birds, and geological wonders.
Housed in a Tudor-Gothic Revival building, this museum is both an educational and visually stunning destination.
4. Canadian War Museum
Situated on the banks of the Ottawa River, the Canadian War Museum offers a comprehensive look at Canada’s military history, from early conflicts to modern-day peacekeeping missions.
The museum features over three million artifacts, including real tanks, military aircraft, and historical uniforms. One of the standout exhibits is a WWI trench replica, providing an immersive experience of life on the battlefield.
A must-see is the Memorial Hall, a contemplative space dedicated to Canada’s fallen soldiers, as well as Regeneration Hall, which frames a direct view of the Peace Tower.
3. National Gallery of Canada
As one of the largest art museums in North America, the National Gallery of Canada houses an exceptional collection of paintings, sculptures, and photographs.
The museum showcases works by da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Picasso, alongside Indigenous Canadian artists. The glass structure itself is an architectural marvel, designed to resemble a modern cathedral.
Just outside the entrance, the giant spider sculpture “Maman” is one of the gallery’s most iconic pieces.
2. Rideau Canal
Spanning 200 kilometers, the Rideau Canal is a defining feature of Ottawa. In summer, it offers scenic boat tours and waterfront cycling paths, while in winter, it transforms into the world’s longest natural ice-skating rink.
Visitors can enjoy picturesque parks, historic sites, and charming cafes along its banks.
1. Parliament Hill
Standing atop a rocky outcrop overlooking the Ottawa River, Parliament Hill is the heart of Canadian democracy.
Its Gothic Revival buildings, completed between 1859 and 1927, house the Senate and House of Commons. The Peace Tower provides breathtaking views of the city, while the Changing of the Guard ceremony in summer is a must-see event.
Parliament Hill remains Ottawa’s most iconic landmark, offering a window into Canada’s past, present, and future.
Best Time to Visit Ottawa
Ottawa offers distinct seasonal experiences, each bringing unique attractions and events. While summer is the most popular time to visit, the city’s fall foliage, winter festivals, and spring blooms also draw many travelers throughout the year.
Summer (June to August) – Peak Season
Ottawa’s warmest and busiest months see temperatures ranging from 23 to 26°C (73 to 79°F), making it the perfect time for exploring parks, outdoor markets, and festivals. The city comes alive with events like:
- Canada Day (July 1st): Massive celebrations featuring fireworks, concerts, and parades.
- Ottawa Bluesfest (July): One of Canada’s biggest music festivals.
- Chamberfest (July/August): The world’s largest chamber music festival.
- Summer cycling and boat cruises: The Rideau Canal and Ottawa River offer excellent sightseeing opportunities.
While summer offers the best weather for outdoor exploration, it is also the most expensive time to visit, with higher hotel prices and large crowds.
Fall (September to October) – Best for Scenery and Fewer Crowds
Autumn is one of the most beautiful times to visit Ottawa, with temperatures ranging from 13 to 20°C (55 to 68°F). The city’s parks and surrounding forests transform into a vibrant display of red, orange, and yellow foliage. Highlights of fall include:
- Gatineau Park Fall Rhapsody (Late September – October): A breathtaking fall foliage experience just outside the city.
- Ottawa International Animation Festival (September): A world-renowned event celebrating animated films.
- Lower hotel rates and fewer tourists compared to summer.
Fall is ideal for hiking, photography, and experiencing Ottawa’s museums without long lines.
Winter (November to March) – Best for Winter Sports and Festivals
Ottawa’s winters are long and cold, with temperatures averaging -6 to -4°C (21 to 25°F), but this season offers one of the most magical experiences in the city. The Rideau Canal Skateway, the world’s longest natural ice rink, is a major draw for visitors. Other highlights include:
- Winterlude (February): A spectacular winter festival featuring ice sculptures, snow slides, and skating.
- Christmas Lights Across Canada (December – January): Parliament Hill and the city streets light up with stunning holiday displays.
- Cross-country skiing and snowshoeing: Gatineau Park offers some of the best winter trails in Canada.
While Ottawa’s winters can be harsh, hotel rates are lower than in summer, and the festive atmosphere is unforgettable.
Spring (April to May) – Best for Flowers and Festivals
As winter fades, Ottawa comes back to life with blooming flowers and comfortable temperatures between 10 to 18°C (50 to 64°F). Spring is less crowded and more affordable than summer, making it a great time for a quieter visit. Key events include:
- Canadian Tulip Festival (May): Over one million tulips bloom across the city, creating a stunning landscape.
- Victoria Day Weekend (Late May): Celebrations include fireworks and outdoor festivities.
Spring is a great time to enjoy Ottawa’s parks, museums, and historic landmarks without summer’s crowds and prices.
Conclusion: When Should You Visit Ottawa?
- For the best weather and outdoor festivals: Visit June to August (summer).
- For beautiful fall colors and fewer tourists: Visit September to October (fall).
- For winter sports and festive events: Visit December to February (winter).
- For tulip blooms and mild weather: Visit April to May (spring).
Each season in Ottawa has something unique to offer, so the best time to visit depends on your interests and tolerance for cold weather.
